Knowing how to replace fasting in Ramadan that is only a few days away should not be missed. Read until the end of the zeedsharia article entitled “Having Sya’ban Has Not Qodho Fasted? Here’s How to Replace Fasting in Ramadan”.
Introduction
Sya’ban is a special month. The Prophet Muhammad SAW performed sunnah fasting in the month of Sya’ban more than in other months.
Also read: The Meaning of the Month of Sya’ban in Islam: The Gate of Glory
In addition, the month of Sya’ban is also the last month that can be used to fulfill qadha fasting in Ramadan. This means that Muslims who do not have a sharia excuse and still have debts of fasting in the previous year’s Ramadan need to immediately carry out qadha fasting before the end of the month of Sya’ban.
If we miss the replacement of fasting debts in Ramadan, of course we will be subject to sin. So don’t let the last moment of the month of Sya’ban be missed to replace fasting before entering the next month of Ramadan.
Law on Changing Ramadan Fasting
Fasting for 29 or 30 days in the month of Ramadan is obligatory for Muslims. As the word of Allah
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ
“O you who believe, fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you that you may become pious.” (QS. Al-Baqarah: 183).
However, as Muslims who are hindered (excuses) it turns out that they can not fast during the month of Ramadan. However, they are still required to replace the fast on another day before the next holy month of Ramadan arrives.
The evidence regarding the regulation of qadha and fidyah is the word of Allah Ta’ala,
فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ فَمَنْ تَطَوَّعَ خَيْرًا فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَهُ وَأَنْ تَصُومُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ
“(That is) within a certain number of days. So whoever among you is sick or on a journey (and breaks the fast), then (it is obligatory for him to fast) as many days as he missed on other days. And it is obligatory for those who carry it out hard (if they are not fasting) to pay fidyah, (namely): feeding a poor person. Whoever willingly does good deeds, that is better for him. And fasting is better for you if you only knew.” (QS. Al-Baqarah: 184).
Fidyah is intended for those who are unable to fast permanently, as mentioned in the history of Ibn ‘Abbas.
Ibn ‘Abbas radhiyallahu ‘anhuma said,
هُوَ الشَّيْخُ الْكَبِيرُ وَالْمَرْأَةُ الْكَبِيـ يَسْتَطِيعَانِ أَنْ يَصُومَا ، فَلْيُطْعِمَانِ مَكَانَ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِسْكِينًا
“(What is meant in the verse) is for very old people and old grandmothers, who cannot afford to do so, they should give food to the poor every day.” (HR. Bukhari, no. 4505).
Meanwhile, for those who are still able to fast, the obligation to fast still applies as confirmed in the verse.
شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآَنُ هُدًى لِلنَّاسِ وَبَيِّنَاتٍ مِنَ الْهُدَى وَالْفُرْقَانِ فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَمَنْ كَانَ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ بِكُمُ الْيُسْرَ وَلَا يُرِيدُ بِكُمُ الْعُسْرَ وَلِتُكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ وَلِتُكَبِّرُوا اللَّهَ عَلَى مَا هَدَاكُمْ وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ
“(The specified days are) the month of Ramadan, the month in which (the beginning of) the Al-Quran was revealed as guidance for mankind and explanations regarding that guidance and the distinction (between what is right and what is false). Therefore, whoever among you is present (in the country where he lives) in that month, let him fast in that month, and whoever is sick or on a journey (and then breaks the fast), then (it is obligatory for him to fast), as many days as he missed, on other days. Allah desires ease for you, and does not desire hardship for you. And let the number be sufficient and glorify Allah for the guidance He has given you, so that you may be grateful.” (QS. Al-Baqarah: 185).
Also based on the hadith from ‘Aisyah,
كَانَ يُصِيبُنَا ذَلِكَ فَنُؤْمَرُ بِقَضَاءِ الصَّوْمِ وَلَا نُؤْمَرُ بِقَضَاءِ الصَّلَاةِ.
“We also used to experience menstruation, so we were ordered to make up for fasting and were not ordered to make up for prayer” (HR. Muslim no. 335).
Therefore, for those who have not paid off their fasting debt until the month of Sha’ban, then pay it off immediately. Don’t delay any longer before entering Ramadan.
Also read: Moral, Health and Social Impacts of Ramadan Fasting
How to Change Ramadan Fasting Correctly
Now that we know how to replace the Ramadan fast, let’s immediately find out how to replace the Ramadan fast correctly.
- Qodho Fasting Time
There is no order to fulfill fasting qodho at special times. This means that there is freedom at any time, the important thing is that the qadha’ fast is not missed until the next Ramadhan if there is no expiration date.
Even Aisyah’s mother fulfilled her qadha’ fast in the month of Sha’ban.
مِنْ رَمَضَانَ إِلَّا فِي شَعْبَانَ حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صلى اللهُ عليهِ وسلمَ
from ‘Aisyah said; “I never made up Ramadan except in the month of Sha’ban until the Prophet sallallaahu ‘alaihi wasallam died.” Abu ‘Isa said; “This is a hasan sahih hadith.” Abu Isa At Tirmidhi (HR. At-Tirmidhi)
Also, to make up fasting it is not required to be consecutive. The reason is because of the generality of the verse,
فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ
“… then (it is obligatory for him to fast), as many days as he missed, on other days”. This means that there is breadth in this matter.
- Intention to Qodho Fasting (pronunciation of intention and when to say it)
Qadha’ fasting must still have the intention at night (before Subuh) as is the obligation in the fasting of Ramadan. Obligatory fasting must have the intention at night before Subuh, unlike sunnah fasting which is permissible to have the intention in the morning.
From Hafshah Ummul Mukminin radhiyallahu ‘anha that the Prophet sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam said,
مَنْ لَمْ يُبَيِّتْ الصِّيَامَ قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ فَلَا صِيَامَ لَه
“Whoever does not intend to do it at night before dawn, then there is no fast for him.” (HR. Abu Daud)
Baca juga: Bagaimana Mengatur Tidur di Bulan Ramadan?
Khatimah
Knowing how to replace the fast of Ramadan on time is very important to know. Namely, it is done before the next Ramadan, especially in the month of Sha’ban. Delaying until it is not replaced even though it has entered the month of Ramadan without a valid reason will be sinful. However, for those who are unable to fast permanently, it turns out that there is also a solution, namely fidyah, while those who are able to fast must still fast.
Regarding the right time, it turns out that qadha fasting can be done at any time before Ramadan without having to be in sequence, and don’t forget to have the intention before Subuh. Therefore, come on, those who still have fasting debts, should immediately fulfill qadha fasting for Ramadan so as not to be late.
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References
Al Quran Al Karim. Accessed from https://tafsirweb.com/
Hadith Sahih Muslim No. 508. Accessed from https://www.hadits.id/hadits/muslim/508
Hadith Jami’ At-Tirmidzi No. 714. Accessed from https://www.hadits.id/hadits/tirmidzi/714
Hadith Sunan Abu Dawud No. 2098. Accessed from https://www.hadits.id/hadits/dawud/2098