In the Al-Quran surah Al Baqarah verse 183 states about obligation fasting.
يٰٓـاَيُّهَا الَّذِيۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡا كُتِبَ عَلَيۡکُمُ الصِّيَامُ کَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذِيۡنَ مِنۡ قَبۡلِکُمۡ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَتَّقُوۡنَۙ ١٨٣
“O people who believe! It is obligatory upon you to quickly as it was obligatory upon those before you so that you may be righteous,”
The objective of fasting is mandatory For fasting is to get closer self to Allah as well as increase devotion to God. Regarding enhanced devotion naturally as Muslims We guard ourselves from acts prohibited by the Shari’a Islam. For that’s worship fast present as a repair medium as well as form character somebody become better in increase faith and devotion Good in a way individual and social.
Ramadan fasting has not only an impact on character individual and social society but also on health. A study in the Journal of Community Medicine written by Kapil Goel states that the impact of fast Ramadan can lower sugar blood, lowering cholesterol, and lowering pressure blood systolic.
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Moral Impact of Ramadan Fasting
1. Fast increase control self and development good behavior
Satisfied Not only withhold self from hunger and thirst will but withhold self from doing deed bad, like lying in words and deeds as well as avoid speech that is not Good, arguing and fighting as well as withhold self from lust anger.
ما خُيِّرَ رَسولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عليه وسلَّمَ بيْنَ أَمْرَيْنِ ، إلَّا أَخَذَ أَيْسَرَهُمَا ، ما لَمْ يَكُنْ إثْمًا ، فإنْ كانَ إثْمًا ، كانَ أَبْعَدَ النَّاسِ منه ، وَما انْتَقَمَ رَسولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عليه وسلَّمَ لِنَفْسِهِ ، إلَّا أَنْ تُنْتَهَكَ حُرْمَةُ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ
“ No Rasulullah Shallallahu’alaihi Wasallam when choosing between two things, and one of them more easier, except he Certain choose more easy. During No case sin. If deed the is a sin, he is the most distant person self from himself. And it’s not Rasulullah Sallallahu’ alaihi Wasallam angry to something case For interest himself The same once, but when he sees Allah’s prohibition ‘ Azza wa Jalla violated .” (HR Muslim 2327).
Besides That by fasting on the moon during Ramadan all over people Muslims get multiple rewards double so which gives rise to the desire to keep going and do Good so that grow behavior.
كُلُّ عَمَلِ ابْنِ آدَمَ يُضَاعَفُ الْحَسَنَةُ عَشْرُ أَمْثَالِهَا إِلَى سَبْعِمِائَةِ ضِعْفٍ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ إِلاَّ الصَّوْمَ فَإِنَّهُ لِى وَأَنَا أَجْزِى بِهِ يَدَعُ شَهْوَتَهُ وَطَعَامَهُ مِنْ أَجْلِى لِلصَّائِمِ فَرْحَتَانِ فَرْحَةٌ عِنْدَ فِطْرِهِ وَفَرْحَةٌ عِنْدَ لِقَاءِ رَبِّهِ . وَلَخُلُوفُ فِيهِ أَطْيَبُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مِنْ رِيحِ الْمِسْكِ
” Every practice good things done by humans will be doubled with ten such goodness until seven hundred times. Allah Ta’ala said (which means ), ” Except practice fast. Practice fast is for me. I will do it myself reply. Caused he has left lust and food because of Me. People who fast will get two happiness that is happiness when he breaks the fast and happiness when meets with Rabb. Smell the mouth of a fasting person more fragrant in the sight of Allah than smell oil musk .” (HR. Bukhari no. 1904, 5927 and Muslim no. 1151)
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2. Developing self-disciplince
fast started from the rising dawn until the sunk sun
ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ )
” Then perfect it fast That until ( comes ) evening .” QS. Al-Baqarah: 187
This verse explains that time breaks the fast when the sun sinks based on the law Shari’a .” (Tafsir Al- Quranil Azim, 1/517)
Based on the proposition that people Muslim own rule deep discipline time moment start fasting and breaking the fast. Besides That, several things that don’t can be done by people Muslim during fasting, including things that cancel out fast. Among them :
a. Enter something into the body on purpose
Qs Al Baqarah: 187
وَكُلُوۡا وَاشۡرَبُوۡا حَتّٰى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَـكُمُ الۡخَـيۡطُ الۡاَبۡيَضُ مِنَ الۡخَـيۡطِ الۡاَسۡوَدِ مِنَ الۡفَجۡرِ ؕ ثُمَّ اَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ اِلَى الَّيۡلِ ۚ وَلَا تُبَاشِرُوۡهُنَّ وَاَنۡـتُمۡ عٰكِفُوۡنَ فِى الۡمَسٰجِدِ ؕ تِلۡكَ حُدُوۡدُ اللّٰهِ فَلَا تَقۡرَبُوۡهَا ؕ كَذٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللّٰهُ اٰيٰتِه ٖ لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَتَّقُوۡنَ ١٨٧
“… Eat and drink until clear for you ( the difference ) between thread white and thread black , that is dawn . Then perfect it fast until ( comes ) evening . But Don’t You interfere them , when you have faith 1 in the mosque. That’s God’s provisions , then don’t You approach him . Thus Allah explains His verses to humans, so that they God-fearing .”
In matter, it Is forbidden to put it in food or drink from whatever in the body, including smoking.
b. Enter something into the body on purpose
Moment fast forbidden enter whatever into the second hole the although in method treatment, then fast will still cancel.
c. Vomit on purpose
” Goods who is forced to? vomit, then No must for him make up for it the fast . And stuff Who vomit with on purpose, then must for him make up for it fasting .” (HR. Abu Daud).
d. Do sex between husband and wife during Ramadhan
If happens matters thereby so must replace his with liberated slave believer, if not, it must replace fasting in other months for 2 months in a row. Or give people No capable of ¾ liter rice to 60 people.
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e. Go out semen with on purpose
In the Bukhari hadith, which says the Prophet Muhammad sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam alaihi Wasallam said: “(Allah Ta’ala said ): when fast He leaves eating, drinking and lust because of Me.”
f. Menstruation and postpartum
Rasulullah sallallaahu alaihi Wasallam said: Isn’t it? if a woman menstruation, she does not pray and not pray fast?” Ladies answered,” That’s right .” So he sallallaahu ‘ alaihi wassalam said, ” That’s it lack of religious women. (HR Bukhari). Based on hadith if a woman experiences her period his fast cancels and gets replaced another day.
Based on the explanation about things canceling out fasting, people, Muslim Of course must discipline themselves For can withhold themselves from thing that cancels fast.
3. Cultivate a sense of gratitude, and empathy and benefit people
With fast Ramadan for every Muslim all over the world then, everyone can feel hunger and thirst are the same between rich and poor people so exists equality. Above the base, people Muslim can share with poor groups so for rich class fosters a sense of gratitude and empathy, and sharing with poor groups, and happen benefits people.
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Health Impact of Ramadan Fasting
Fast is an obligation for every people Muslim To run it for 30 days. With method withhold hungry and thirsty. Research conducted by Kapil Goel in the journal Community Medicine & Health Education, states that ” fasting is a method of life ” and notes that fasting can give Rest to healthy physiology for channel digestive and nervous systems center and can normalize metabolism.
“From Abu Hurairah RA, Rasulullah SAW said, ” Fast I’m sure you will be Healthy .” (Hadith narrated Ath Thabrani in Mu’jam al Awsath)
1. Influence fast Ramadan to weight
A study shows that weight can decrease in a way significant that ends fast. At stage First Ramdhan happens to decline body weight, normal non-diabetic individuals can decline weight is about 1.7-3.8kg, and decreases weight in people who experience excess weight and happen to decline glucose moment ten days Ramadan.
2. Lower sugar blood
Happen decline glucose moment ten day Ramadan. In normal individuals, there is A little decrease in average glucose levels in blood on some days First fast Ramadan and followed by normalization to approximately 20th day.
3. The body can experience the phase of resting
The intestines and stomach that helps detoxification (excretion of poison in the body)
4. Fasting can increase immunity
A study shows fast works as a ” reversal switch regenerative ” that drives cell parents to create new cell blood white new, creation cell blood this is what can be done underlying regeneration of the entire immune system body.
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5. Fast for healthy eye
The eyes have pressure physiological yeah called intraocular, normal pressure which is 10-20 mmHg, pressure This works in a stabilized form of eyes, supplying nutrients and barriers to light eyes. A study states that fast Ramadan influences intraocular pressure, occurs change pressure intraocular during the month of Ramadan.
Social Impact of Ramadan Fasting
1. Increase sympathy for poor society
With fast Ramadan somebody can feel other people’s feelings through fast with endure hunger and thirst, such as people other Muslims who experience lack so that can arouse sympathy.
2. Strengthen brotherhood and social bonds of society
Through fast Ramadan Lots of good can be done one of the usual ones people Muslims do is activity open together, activities usually offering iftar for people Muslim one and the other, so can tighten brotherhood and social ties between people Muslims.
“The Prophet Muhammad said: ” Whoever gives open fast to people who fast, then He will get similar reward with his, without reduce the slightest reward for those who fast .” (H.R. Ibnu Majah)
3. Grow Spirit solidarity
During fast Ramadan, people Muslims get multiple rewards double so that push people Muslim For always be kind to fellow Muslims, like invite For carry out congregational tarawih prayers, read the Koran together, etc. Activity that can grow solidarity with fellow people Muslims in the environment and social
Conclusion
Ramadan fasting has many moral, health, and social impacts. By fasting in Ramadan, all Muslims fast by holding back hunger and thirst from sunrise to sunset, this activity forms moral behavior to discipline themselves and foster a sense of gratitude and empathy because all people will feel the same feelings, namely hunger and thirst, not only That fasting has good benefits for health and in this month of Ramadan the rewards are also multiplied, thus encouraging Muslims to always do good so that the solidarity of the people is created and brotherhood is established.
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Tips Menjaga Semangat Ramadan Ketika Bermudik: Panduan Praktis Beribadah Ketika Bermudik
Reference
Goel K, Ahmad S, Maroof KA, Goel P, Arif M, Amir M, Abid M (2012). “Psycho-Social Behavior and Health Benefits of Islamic Fasting During the Month of Ramadan “. Journal of Community Medicine & Health Education. 1(1 ) : 3-6
https://kemenag.go.id/nasional/puasa-dan-kesehatan-7s0yd9
https://yankes.kemkes.go.id/view_article/108/puasa-ramadhan-bagi-kesehatan
https://riwaqalquran.com/blog/social-benefits-of-fasting-in-ramadan/