Prophet Muhammad Shallallahu Alaihi Wa Sallam, despite being a leader and having access to various sources of wealth, lived a life characterized by simplicity and humility. Here is a exploration of the main sources of his wealth.
Trade: The Economic Foundation of the Prophet
Prophet Muhammad Shallallahu Alaihi Wa Sallam began his career as a merchant at a very young age. This was not a coincidence but rather part of Allah’s preparation for the Prophet to carry out his future prophetic duties. He initially engaged in trade with his uncle, Abu Talib, and later managed the business of Khadijah, who would eventually become his wife. As a merchant, the Prophet was known for his exceptional honesty, which in turn built a great reputation and trust among his business partners.
Trade became one of the main sources of wealth for the Prophet before his prophethood. Success in trade not only enriched him materially but also expanded his social and economic networks, which were crucial for the spread of Islam later on. In Islam, trade is considered a noble and encouraged activity for earning a living because it promotes honesty, fairness, and trust in all transactions. As outlined in Islamic economic literature, trade is one of the most favored pillars of the economy as it encourages healthy competition and a more equitable distribution of wealth (Gompers & Lerner, 2001).
Ghaneemah and Fay’: Wealth Acquired Through Struggle
After being appointed as a prophet, another source of wealth for Muhammad came from ghaneemah and fay’. Ghaneemah refers to the spoils of war taken from enemies after a battle, while fay’ refers to wealth acquired without combat, such as from enemies who surrendered or through peace treaties. Both are considered legitimate sources of wealth in Islam, and the Prophet always ensured that the distribution of this wealth was done fairly and in accordance with Islamic law.
Ghaneemah was distributed among the warriors who fought in the battle, with a portion set aside for the needs of the Muslim community, including the Prophet’s family. Fay’, on the other hand, was usually utilized for public welfare and the development of the Muslim society. This fair and wise distribution not only reflected the Prophet’s wisdom in managing wealth but also demonstrated his commitment to the overall welfare of the Muslim community (Kaplan & Lerner, 2010).
Gifts and Donations: A Symbol of Close Social Ties
Prophet Muhammad frequently received gifts from his companions and followers. These gifts were often given as tokens of love, respect, or gratitude from those who had benefited from the Prophet’s guidance. However, in his extraordinary humility, the Prophet often redistributed these gifts to those who were more in need. In Islam, gifts and donations (hibah) are highly encouraged as forms of charity because they strengthen social bonds and foster a sense of community.
The Prophet utilized these gifts and donations not for personal gain but to support those in need, both materially and spiritually. This behavior underscores the Prophet’s deep concern for the well-being of his followers and his preference for placing others’ needs above his own. In this context, gifts and donations not only increased material wealth but also enriched the social and spiritual relationships between the Prophet and his followers (McGrath, 2013).
Agriculture and Land Management: Contributing to the Economic Independence of the Ummah
In addition to trade and gifts, the Prophet also acquired wealth throughAgriculture and land management. After the Hijrah (migration) to Madinah, the Prophet was given some land, which he managed with great wisdom. He allocated portions of this land to his companions, such as Ali bin Abi Talib and Zubair bin Awwam, for cultivation. The produce from these lands was used not only for the sustenance of the Muslim community but also to create a self-sufficient economy that could support the growing needs of the Ummah. This agricultural initiative contributed significantly to the economic independence of the Muslim community, allowing them to thrive even in difficult circumstances.
Through the careful use of natural resources like water and soil, the Prophet promoted sustainable agricultural practices. This initiative was not just about producing food; it was about creating a stable and resilient economic base for the Muslim community. The Prophet’s approach to land management ensured that the resources were used effectively and that the benefits were shared among the community members, further strengthening the bonds of brotherhood and cooperation (IslamOnline, 2023).
Flexibility in Income Sources: The Prophet as a Hard Worker
One often overlooked aspect of the Prophet’s life is his flexibility in seeking halal income sources. The Prophet did not confine himself to one type of work or source of income. He was willing to engage in any halal occupation to support his family. For instance, as a young man, the Prophet worked as a shepherd to earn a living. This job taught him the value of hard work, responsibility, and earning an honest living, all of which are highly valued in Islam.
This flexibility illustrates the Prophet’s adaptability to different economic conditions and his commitment to providing for his family through lawful means. The Prophet’s willingness to engage in various forms of work, regardless of their nature, as long as they were halal, exemplifies the Islamic teaching that emphasizes the importance of hard work and honesty in earning a living. The Prophet demonstrated that a halal income, even if modest, is of immense value in the sight of Allah and can bring great blessings to oneself and one’s family (Islam Q&A, 2023).
In summary, while the Prophet Muhammad had several sources of wealth, his life was marked by simplicity and sincerity. He always prioritized the well-being of his community and demonstrated that true wealth lies in piety and sincerity in actions.
Also read:7 Principles of Transparency for Islamic Family Financial Planning
References
- Gompers, P., & Lerner, J. (2001). The Money of Invention: How Venture Capital Creates New Wealth. Harvard Business Review Press. Retrieved from https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=26746
- Kaplan, S. N., & Lerner, J. (2010). It Ain’t Broke: The Past, Present, and Future of Venture Capital. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 22(2), 36-47. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6622.2010.00267.x
- McGrath, R. G. (2013). The End of Competitive Advantage: How to Keep Your Strategy Moving as Fast as Your Business. Harvard Business Review Press. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/product/the-end-of-competitive-advantage-how-to-keep-your-strategy-moving-as-fast-as-your-business/10671-HBK-ENG
- IslamOnline. (2023). Shaping the Economy of Madinah by the Prophet (Pbuh). Retrieved from https://islamonline.net
- Islam Q&A. (2023). How did the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) earn his living?. Retrieved from https://islamqa.info/en/answers/128121/how-did-the-prophet-blessings-and-peace-of-allah-be-upon-him-earn-his-living
- Dawate Islami. (2023). Companions of Prophet Muhammad Who were Traders. Retrieved from https://www.dawateislami.net